My beautiful bumblebee nest box from Bumble Boosters did not attract any queen bumblebees. It might have been a bit late when I set it out. It still looks pristine so I think I will set it out again next year.

Desirable residence, brand new, lovely prospect with access to a variety of flowers, perfect for family life

I did however get a few takers on the wood block house. The two largest holes are daubed with mud. I'm guessing around the end of March next year mason bees will emerge. 

The top two holes are plugged with mud

 Mason bees nested in the windows again, this time in the bedroom. Perhaps someone should market vinyl windows as mason bee homes.  One bee emerged first. It didn't crawl all over the window like last's year brood. It wandered up and down the window track. When I took it outside, it just sat on the ground. 

More bees emerged over several days and behaved in a similar fashion. They walked up and down and disappeared back into the hole they came from. One bee attacked another. Very different behavior from last year.

Looking closely at them, I saw what I first thought was mud on their fur but I think now they were all infested with mites. This is a clear lesson on why nests should not be reused from year to year. Of course this meant the bottom channel of our window that is right over our bed had mites in it. Luckily they weren't interested in us.

We are somewhat sensitive on the topic of mites. There are many kinds and some are host specific, but others are generalists. Years ago, we had an infestation of mites that came up from the crawl space after we exterminated rats under the house.  On the search for new hosts, they invaded the bathroom counter. Mites are really tiny so it took awhile to figure out what was biting us and where they were coming from. Then it took some trial to find the right non-toxic elimination method.

I sound detached and clinical about it, don't I? Actually, it was horrific seeing a multitude of eensy white things crawling on the bathroom counter. And they kept coming back. Time does draw a veil over things, thank goodness.

When I saw mites on the mason bees I stopped taking photos. Out they all went. They didn't fly off and probably became food for some critter. The photos I did take have disappeared. I won't be so excited next year if mason bees emerge from the windows. I may have to plug all the outer holes to prevent nesting.

 When I visited my grandparents and aunt in Florida forty years ago, the nights were livened by tiny frogs hopping into the house from the backyard. We don't see them now.

One of the great things about going to new areas is seeing unfamiliar wildlife. I was so excited when we found this fellow hiding behind the hurricane shutters at our aunt's house.

He was large, about five inches. He wasn't disturbed by the opening of the shutters or having his picture taken until I tried to get a shot from above.

Then he turned toward me. Look at that face, almost human. 

Back in Washington, I looked him up. He is a Cuban tree frog. Aaand, wait for it.....he is an invasive species! Yes, even when I travel I run into invasives.

Cuban tree frogs are much bigger than native Florida frogs and eat them up. You can do this simple test to confirm you have a Cuban tree frog. Take the frog (Wear gloves. Its skin emits an irritating substance) and try to move the skin on the head. If it doesn't move it's a Cuban tree frog since the skin is fused to the skull.

If you find you have a Cuban tree frog, you are encouraged to euthanize it. Want to know how? Catch the frog in a plastic bag. Holding the frog (again wear gloves) rub a stripe of benzocaine along its back or use a benzocaine spray. Put it in a plastic bag and seal the bag. 

The benzocaine will knock the frog out. Place the bag with the unconscious frog in your freezer overnight. Wash your hands well just to make sure you don't have any skin secretion on them. 

The frog will enter hibernation and then die. The next day put the bag in the trash.

How glad am I that I didn't know what kind of frog it was until safely back home? Very glad. How glad am I to only be a visitor to the Florida house? So, so glad.

Excuse me. I was gone for ten days and it's time to hunt bracken. Which I will do, gladly.

More information on Cuban tree frogs at University of Florida extension

Beware the Bracken, Killer Thug in a Pretty Dress

The prehistoric beast emerges

See the fiddle head? A lovely sign of spring, no?

No! You are looking at a hairy little monster. This is bracken rearing its diabolical head.

When they first appeared, I thought them graceful, growing over six feet tall, blanketing the area along the fence, gently swaying in the breeze.

Then I found out they are garden thugs. Still, I let them be. We have a big yard.

Then I found out they poison cattle and other herbivores. Oh well.  We don't have any grazing animals; I let them grow.

Then I found out they cause stomach cancer in grazers and then...              

Then I found out they are suspected of causing stomach cancer in people who ingest them, either purposefully by eating the fiddleheads, or inadvertently by swallowing the spores that are released by the millions in late summer and early fall.

Can you imagine the fear this struck in my heart? Perhaps not. I was terrified. I vowed total annihilation. Not an easy task, as they spread via creeping roots as well as spores and they've had free reign in our garden for several years.

Ready to unfurl and take on the world

Last year I picked them as they emerged. I kept a spreadsheet with body counts so I could gauge my success from year to year.

 I outfitted myself with a face mask, nitrile gloves and boots. I washed my clothes and showered when I finished a sortie.





One of the reasons I enjoyed this winter so much is that bracken goes dormant in the cold, dark time of year. Alas, it is spring, so the war continues.

Don't they look pretty? This is not my yard. It is from down the street.

You can't really avoid them. They are everywhere. But you might not want to take a walk in the woods in late summer and don't let them entice you to let them in your yard.

Look what came in the mail! 

I am participating in a study to see if there is a particular kind of 

artificial house that would be acceptable to bumblebees. 

The study is being run by the Entomology Department at the University of Nebraska.

Notice that the Entomology Department is in Entomology Hall.

I love that name. 

 As part of the study they sent me a bumblebee house! 

I am beside myself with excitement. 

What could be in this delightful packing?

A bumblebee house with dried grass and kapok for nesting material. 

And there is a mason bee block and a package of wildflower seeds.

O my goodness! This is the best present.

All I had to do was insert the two plastic pipes for entrances and put the lid on.

The house needs to be sited facing morning sun.

I put it where we have had two natural bumblebee nests before. 

It's resting on a concrete block to keep it off the damp ground.

Dried grass covers the entrances pipes.

Bonus mason bee block. 

Maybe descendants of my little office hatchlings from last year will nest in it.

 I like that the instructions said to discard after one year to prevent disease. 

My kind of people.

Giant Florida Spider

While in Florida last week, I took a walk through the Hugh Taylor Birch State Park. It is an example of what southeast Florida looked like before the drastic re-shaping of the 20th Century. I thought it was surprisingly empty of wildlife. A heron and some baby raccoons were all I came across until I was heading out of the park. 

As I walked between trees, I looked up and almost screamed. A whole row of these beauties were overhead. They are as big as my hand. I'm not kidding.

Golden Banana spiders Nephila clavipes are non-aggresive, as are most spiders. They are great bug catchers as you can see in the web.

While researching this spider I came across another spider, also called a banana spider. That South American spider has been found on supermarket bananas. That spider is aggressive and its venom is quite toxic.  The Scaredy Cat Naturalist will be carefully perusing all bananas before they go in the grocery cart.

NOT a Mushroom Hunter

It's mushroom time in the Pacific Northwest. Most any time is mushroom time here but more so in the Fall. This is an excellent year for fungi in the Messy Garden. We are seeing new species. The most spectacular and only easily identifiable species is Amanita muscaria var. flavivolvata.

Amanita muscaria Toxic and Hallucinogenic

You'd think artists made this one up as a necessary element for fairy tale illustrations. Bright red with little chunks of white, they start out as domes, gradually opening out to a flat disk. They are toxic and hallucinogenic. Something, maybe the squirrels, takes bites out of them. Maybe they are taking little trips.

The mushrooms are a host for some fly species, which I find ironic as the common name is fly agaric, alluding to their traditional use as an insecticide.

The Messy Garden has many other species, including a least one that is edible. Several years ago a car stopped in front of the house and a middle-aged couple came to the door. In eastern European accents they asked if we were going to pick the mushrooms in our front yard. I'm sure we looked horrified when we said no. They asked if they could pick them; they used to pick them in Russia under birch trees.

We said go ahead. I asked the woman what the mushrooms were called; she gave their Russian name. When I asked what that meant, she said,"Mushrooms that grow under birch trees."

They must have known their mushrooms because each Fall they came back. Sometimes we saw them, sometimes not. They didn't knock, just stopped and picked the yard clean.

Nevertheless, I won't be cooking up a mess of yard mushrooms any time soon. The Amanita also grow under birch trees and not all of them are bright red.

Even if you told me you were an expert at mushroom identification and ate them in front of me, I still wouldn't try them. Well, maybe if you came back a week later, hale and hearty. I'm not the Sacredy Cat Naturalist for nothing.

Pollinator Thursday: Unexpected Guests

One morning in March I found a cute little bee wandering around the window in my office. I couldn't figure out how it got in the house. The temperature outside was still cold. Bumblebees sometime leave their burrows in late January or early February, fooled by a few warm days. These are the ones I find dead on the sidewalk.

The little bee didn't fly; it walked in circles on the window.  I considered rigging up some kind of habitat for it until the weather warmed but I didn't know how to raise it. I put it in a protected spot in the garden and wished it well.

We went to Vancouver for the weekend. When I entered my office on Monday there were three of the little bees walking around the window. What the heck? These little ones also showed no interest in flying. They walked around the window all day.  In the evening they huddled together in a window corner.

The next day I put a little honey on the window thinking maybe they didn't have enough energy to fly. One of the bees lapped up the sweetness, the others didn't. Still no flying. I did a little internet research and found out they were mason bees.

I have often considered raising mason bees. This involves providing little tubes, either rolled paper, bamboo pieces or holes drilled in wood. I've never done it for two reasons: one is the time required to make the nest, two, it must be cleaned after use to prevent parasites and disease. This is the same reason I no longer have bird feeders but plant seed-bearing plants instead. Bird feeders have to be cleaned regularly and the seed picked up to prevent disease and rodents. Even if I wanted to spend time doing that, it is the kind of thing I easily forget.

Mason bees lay eggs in cavities and seal the opening with mud. In the early spring (so they were right on time) they bust out the seal and fly to the sky. I gathered the little bees and grabbed my camera to take their pictures outside. As soon as I lifted the cover, one flew off. I was only able to take one picture before the others went.

Looking on the outside of the window I saw a little patch of mud. The windows have a drainage hole on each side. The mama mason bee must have used one of the holes for egg-laying. Instead of pushing out the mud plug, little bees made their way through the channels of the window, probably attracted by the light in the room.

I felt blessed to play hostess. How did they know  I love bees?